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Severe Tongue Protrusion Dystonia, Clinical Syndromes and Possible Treatment
Neurol 67:940-943, Schneider,S.A.,et al, 2006
See this aricle in Pubmed

Article Abstract
We describe intermittent or sustained severe involuntary tongue protrusion in patients with a dystonic syndrome. Speech, swallowing, and breathing difficulties can be severe enough to be life threatening. Causes include neuroacanthocytosis, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and postanoxic and tardive dystonia. The pathophysiology of intermittent severe tongue protrusion-remains unknown. Tongue protrusion dystonia is often unresponsive to oral drugs but may benefit from botulinum toxin injections into the genioglossus muscle. Bilateral deep brain pallidal stimulation was beneficial in two cases.
 
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botulinum toxin
dystonia
dystonia,focal
dystonia,tongue
dystonia,treatment of
movement disorder
tongue,protrusion of
treatment of neurologic disorder

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